Monday, August 4, 2014

Topic I: Geo-Engineering and Land Ocean Interactions

Can humans change the weather?

This question is crazy right? The answer should be an absolute no. We have no power against Mother Nature. The sure energy it takes to create a severe thunderstorm, tornado, hurricane or any other massive storm system is equivalent to the energy capacity of the entire world’s weapon arsenal. So the answer would in fact be no, they cannot; at least for now.

What about the regional/global climate?

With furthering evidence that humans are in fact warming the Earth due to the emissions of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, there is much more certainty in the anthropocentric impact in the climate change equation. While not being completely adamant that that is the case, an overwhelming amount of time and research has gone into proving that hypothesis, especially over the past 20 years regarding the overall scope of this shift in the climate and also the likelihood that it is not a “natural fluctuation”, which is what a lot of climate change skeptics like to point to.

So if climate change exists, and it is because of humans, what can we do as humans to stop it?

This is the main question that plagues not only scientists who study the weather and its effects, but policy makers, economists, and even everyday citizens. The effort to make things more ‘green’ with the hopes of improving the overall deteriorating environment has been well noted. Though most of it is being done completely in vain because of the counter intuitive measures of developing countries like China and India and a refusal of what is being considered as drastic emission cuts by the United States.  Why this is happening is a whole other topic. The answer to the question becomes completely simple when you alleviate the political and economic ramifications of these potential decisions. Stop using fossil fuels, use cleaner bio-fuels, finance implementation of green energy even in developing countries, adapt to the new climate patterns effectively and the mitigate/reverse the effects of what is already being done through geo-engineering.

This article is highlighting the last of those options. What is geo-engineering?

Geo-engineering is defined as “the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing global warming”. Through the eyes of policy makers, it is known as a potential third/alternative option when dealing with global warming with mitigation and adaption being the first two. There are several kinds of geo-engineering, though the main two studied methods are solar radiation management and greenhouse gas remediation. Below is a brief description of all three.

Solar Radiation Management - The goal for these methods is to produce a higher overall albedo to block direct radiation from the sun. Thus, this method is supposed to directly cool the Earth. The science behind this method is sound, as proven by any kind of volcanic eruption, or a cloudy day in general. The less sunlight that gets through to the ground and the more that gets reflected back out of the atmosphere, the cooler the ground temperature is. There are several different subsections of this method, including cloud seeding (spraying silver iodide or any other chemical which can act as a cloud condensation nuclei), ocean sulfur cycle enhancement (enhancing the already natural sulfuric cycle in the Southern Ocean to increase albedo), and the production of stratospheric aerosols. This does not include any space or terrestrial methods to increase the albedo.

Carbon Sequestration-This is another name for Greenhouse Gas Remediation. This method is meant to directly remove Carbon Dioxide, Methane and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere using direct and indirect methods. This includes carbon capture and storage, air storage, and bio energy with carbon capture. Iron Fertilization is a method most widely known and used in the field to help capture and effectively use excess carbon dioxide. In basic terms, it is the introduction of iron in the ocean to produce a phytoplankton plume and produces mass photosynthetic activity.

The issues that plagues this method of combating climate change are:

1.      How are these measures going to carried out?
2.      Who will have control of this potential “weather changing technology”?
3.      When are we going to start implementing/field testing this technology?
4.      Does it really work?

So humans cannot control the weather, or can they? This can still be debated (see Rapid City flood); the fact is though, is we are developing technology now that can help combat the changes that climate change will bring.

I can try to answer the above hypothetical questions in another article, this is more meant to be an overview of a relatively unknown topic to the outside world. Want more info? Let me know! 

-James

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